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A meteoroid hitting the earth has a lot more energy than the ball bearing you just used, and it causes an explosion upon impact. There is still a relationship between the kinetic energy and crater size, however. A meteoroid hitting the earth can be moving at speeds up to 100 km/s. At these high speeds, the energy on impact is converted to other types of energy such as thermal, acoustic, and radiative energy. (There is not enough energy in our lab experiment to produce these effects.) As a large meteoroid hits the ground, it creates a shock wave in the rock and the rock bends under the pressure. 
Consider the famous meteor crater found near Flagstaff Arizona. It is 1.4 km across and 200 meters deep. Astronomers and geologists believe that about 1023 ergs was needed to produce this crater. We can make our own estimate of the energy needed to make the meteor crater in Arizona using our laboratory results. To do this we need to extrapolate the relationship we found in our lab experiment all the way up to a crater 1 .4 km in size. The graph paper used to plot your lab data does not have enough range to plot 1.4 km, so we will use the graph in Figure 2 that extends to much higher energies and much larger crater sizes. 
One your graph on page 125, notice where your best fit line crosses the outside edges of the grid lines on the graph. Transfer these intercept points onto the graph on page 128. Connect them with a line. This is your best fit line from your ball bearing experiment transferred to a graph that covers a much larger range of energy and size. 
1. Now, extend your line all the way up and to the right on the graph to higher energies and larger crater sizes. Be sure the slope is the same as it was on the graph of your lab data! 
4. What reasons might there be for any difference (ignoring problems in transferring your best fit line)? 
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